TCS - From Ira

From Ira

by Ira Wilsker
Golden Triangle PC Club
From the December 2001 issue of the I/O Port Newsletter

Improving Modem Performance

Recently, a long time reader of this column and listener of my weekly radio show (KLVI 560am Tuesdays 6-7pm) called and asked about dialup modem performance. He mentioned that he had a 56k modem, and was unable to get speeds above the mid-20's, and asked for some tips.

First, regulations prohibit speeds greater than 53k. Second, it is rare to get the 53k rate. According to a survey on "modemsite.com", "Of those getting 56k rates, 80-90% are getting 40k or higher. About 75% get rates between 44-49.3k. About 10% get rates of 50k or higher, and about 15% get rates between 34.6 - 38.6k. However, the throughput achieved by a substantial portion of the connections doesn't match the connect rate." Notice the first part of that quote "Of those getting 56k rates…" even though the modem may be a 56k modem, and the internet service provider (ISP) offers 56k connections, it is not uncommon for users not to get a 56k connection, but the older 33,600 connection. Unless the user has their modem software properly configured, the true connect speed may not be known. When connecting on a dialup line, the user may hear a series of tones and static-like sounds. These noises are the two modems negotiating a connection. Unless a connection log is saved, the user may not know their real connect speed and other relevant connection information.

Notice that above, the word "connection" is used, but connection speed is only one of many factors of how well a modem really works. Throughput, or the speed that the modem processes data, is a superior indication of modem performance. Modems typically offer the ability to compress some data, which may speed the loading of websites, and the transfer of compressible data.

Other factors influencing modem speed and throughput include the computer itself, the modem, the phone wires and lines, external causes of line noise, and the software used. Some older computers have problems with faster modem speeds, especially using external serial modems. If the computer has an older 16450 "UART" serial chip, it lacks enough of a buffer, or temporary storage, to properly handle modern modems. Newer computers have a 16550 or better "UART" which can handle higher speeds. Another factor is the condition and quality of the wire connecting the modem to the wall, and the interior phone wiring in the house. Having other phones or devices connected to the same phone line may degrade performance. Often the phone cord that comes with a new modem or computer is an "economy" grade that may lack proper insulation or contain inferior wires. Many of these poor quality cables are also subject to electrical interference. Some users have found that replacing the cord between the modem and the wall with a better quality cord can improve performance. It is also important to note here that while controversial, I believe that it is important to have the modem connected to a surge suppressor. While it is documented that a surge suppressor does slow the connection and throughput slightly, I believe that it is a necessary precaution for most modems. The only modems that I am aware of that specifically recommend not connecting to a surge suppressor is some Zoom models, as they contain internal protection.

The outside junction box on the house and the external telephone company phone line may also be a source of trouble. An old trick often used following a rain storm, if the modem has trouble staying connected, or is suddenly performing poorly, is to use a hair dryer to dry the wires in the junction box. Moisture can cause line noise and interference. On most outside junction boxes is a door marked for consumer access. In this door is a phone jack. Some users note their normal connection quality, and then reconnect the modem directly to the junction box jack, and again note the quality. If there is substantial improvement, then it is possible that the interior wiring is a culprit. If there is no significant improvement, then the interior wiring is likely ok

The brand and model of the modem is often a major influence on performance. Modemsite.com has a continuous survey where thousands of users have rated the quality of their modems and connections. There are some distinct differences indicated among the many models listed, which may indicate models to either consider or avoid. Generally, the less expensive winmodems, softmodems, or controlerless modems have good connection speeds, but inferior throughput, because they lack their own processor, and utilize the computer CPU to process data. Since the CPU is also often busy processing other data, performance may be slowed. Some tech support people at the ISP can objectively recommend models that have worked well on that system.

Another factor is the software and drivers used by the modem. The less expensive modems listed above often require updated drivers to improve performance. A user should periodically check the modem maker's website for revised software and updated drivers. Antivirus software, while vital, also slows throughput as it checks the incoming data stream for threats.

An easy way to improve the performance is to change the modem configuration and settings. Most ISPs will provide the user with help on entering recommended settings. There is also a variety of software to change registry settings that may help improve throughput. A check of any of the major download sites will quickly indicate a variety of such software, often under the "modem utilities" or "web accelerators" categories. While many such programs may provide some improvement, many others are useless. Read credible, independent third party reviews before paying for any such programs.

Basic PC Security

Over the past few weeks, I have been asked to speak on "PC Security" to a variety of groups and classes. Looking back over past columns, security issues have been the most frequent topics. Despite the prior content here, security issues are still one of the most frequent questions emailed or asked of me by the readers of this column, and on my weekly radio show on KLVI (560AM, 6-7pm Tuesdays). Below is a summary of the content of my recent presentations.

Many of us have become dependent on our computers for business, recreation, news, email, entertainment, and a variety of other uses. While the technology available to us advances, the threats to our computing are also increasing. Look at recent news events and their implications to our personal "Cyber Security". A secondary issue, which may be more of a security issue than many realize, is personal privacy.

Firewalls

In the past, those of us, the majority who have had Internet access, had used the traditional dial-up access. It had been thought that since our internet service providers, "ISPs", assigned us a dynamic or changing IP address each time we connected, we were generally safe from hack attacks. Until recently, that was mostly correct, but recent trends in hacker technology have made it easier to locate and identify dial-up users who may become potential targets for hackers. At present, dial-up users are almost as vulnerable as those who are almost always online, such as DSL and cable modem users. To prove this fact, a user should connect to Steve Gibson's website at http://grc.com and run their free "Shields Up" service. After running for several minutes, "Shields Up" will provide the user with a detailed report clearly showing and explaining the security holes found in the users' computer and software. With over 10 million computers checked, "Shields Up" has become one of the most popular tools to test basic computer vulnerability. If no security breaches are found, then congratulations, your computer is likely secured against present intrusion technologies, but may still be vulnerable to future methods. If security weaknesses are found, then some sort of firewall, or barrier, is necessary. Firewalls are available in both hardware and software forms, with the software firewalls being most popular for personal computers. A quick review of computer store shelves will indicate the selection of software firewalls available from major publishers, such as McAfee (an integral firewall is included in their new VirusScan 6), Norton, Black Ice, and several other companies. My personal recommendation is the free (for personal use) "Zone Alarm" which can be downloaded from http://www.zonelabs.com. With over 15 million registered copies in current use, Zone Alarm is purportedly the most widely used firewall product. A visit to the Zone Labs website will show the published reviews and comparisons of firewall products, with many of the publications giving the free Zone Alarm their top ratings. After installing a firewall, rerun "Shields Up" and verify the increased security provided.

Antivirus Software

This has been the single most widely written topic here, yet still I have found that many of you totally lack virus protection, have not recently updated virus profiles and engines, or have the software improperly configured. As a guest lecturer for a computer technology class recently, I asked the university students how many either did not have any anti-virus software installed, or had not updated it within the past week or two. Almost half the class raised their hands. I asked them why, and typical answers were "It is too expensive", or "I don't have time to run the updates". Neither of these reasons justifies the lack of having modern antivirus software installed and updated. A well-regarded European antivirus company, Grisoft, is attempting to penetrate the American market by offering an excellent quality product for free. The product, AVG, can be downloaded for free from http://www.grisoft.com. This effectively destroys the "I can't afford it" argument. Secondarily, a quick glance at the Sunday sale books from the major office supply and electronics stores will often indicate that the market leading antivirus products are available very inexpensively, sometimes free, after rebates. For those who claim not to have time to update their software, most of the newer products offer some sort of auto-update or scheduler feature to automate the task. One very new product on the market, Panda's Platinum Antivirus, available as a fully functional (time limited) evaluation copy, or a registered version ($24.95) for download from http://www.pandasoftware.com provides for totally automated updates and upgrades, without any user intervention.

Spyware

Do you know who is monitoring the websites that you visit and the types of purchases made on the net? In the past few years, there has been an explosion of "Spyware", or software that is designed to report a user's Internet activities to a central database, where that information is sold to marketing companies. While not a reliable indicator, many users who note that their Internet connection appears to slow down may be correct, because multiple copies of spyware may be reporting to different destinations. Spyware is now commonly included in freeware, shareware, and commercial software as a revenue enhancing tool for the publisher. One nefarious characteristic of some spyware is that if the software including the spyware is deleted, the spyware remains active on the computer! The two most popular products, both free, for the detection and removal of spyware are "Ad-Aware" an excellent product from Germany, http://www.lavasoftusa.com, and Steve Gibson's "OptOut" from http://grc.com.

Both of these products will detect spyware on the computer, with Ad-Aware offering broader detection and removal capabilities.



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Tulsa Computer Society 12/02/2001
Don Singleton, President